ISO-IEC-27001-Lead-Auditor Exam Dumps, ISO-IEC-27001-Lead-Auditor Practice Test Questions

PDF (New 2025) Actual PECB ISO-IEC-27001-Lead-Auditor Exam Questions

To become certified as an ISO/IEC 27001 Lead Auditor, individuals must possess a strong understanding of the ISO/IEC 27001 standard and its requirements, as well as the auditing process and techniques. They must also have practical experience in auditing an ISMS. ISO-IEC-27001-Lead-Auditor exam is designed to test an individual’s knowledge, skills, and abilities in these areas and assess their readiness to perform as a lead auditor.

PECB ISO-IEC-27001-Lead-Auditor certification is recognized globally and demonstrates a high level of competence and expertise in the field of information security auditing. It is suitable for professionals who want to advance their careers in the field of information security and gain recognition for their skills and knowledge. PECB Certified ISO/IEC 27001 Lead Auditor exam certification is also beneficial for organizations that want to ensure the competence of their internal auditors or hire external auditors who are certified by a reputable certification body.

 

NEW QUESTION # 92
You are an experienced ISMS audit team leader providing instruction to an auditor in training. They are unclear in their understanding of risk processes and ask you to provide them with an example of each of the processes detailed below.
Match each of the descriptions provided to one of the following risk management processes.
To complete the table click on the blank section you want to complete so that it is highlighted in red, and then click on the applicable text from the options below. Alternatively, you may drag and drop each option to the appropriate blank section.

Answer:

Explanation:

Explanation

* Risk analysis is the process by which the nature of the risk is determined along with its probability and impact. Risk analysis involves estimating the likelihood and consequences of potential events or situations that could affect the organization's information security objectives or requirements12. Risk analysis could use qualitative or quantitative methods, or a combination of both12.
* Risk management is the process by which a risk is controlled at all stages of its life cycle by means of the application of organisational policies, procedures and practices. Risk management involves establishing the context, identifying, analyzing, evaluating, treating, monitoring, and reviewing the risks that could affect the organization's information security performance or compliance12. Risk management aims to ensure that risks are identified and treated in a timely and effective manner, and that opportunities for improvement are exploited12.
* Risk identification is the process by which a risk is recognised and described. Risk identification involves identifying and documenting the sources, causes, events, scenarios, and potential impacts of risks that could affect the organization's information security objectives or requirements12. Risk identification could use various techniques, such as brainstorming, interviews, checklists, surveys, or historical data12.
* Risk evaluation is the process by which the impact and/or probability of a risk is compared against risk criteria to determine if it is tolerable. Risk evaluation involves comparing the results of risk analysis with predefined criteria that reflect the organization's risk appetite, tolerance, or acceptance12. Risk evaluation could use various methods, such as ranking, scoring, or matrix12. Risk evaluation helps to prioritize and decide on the appropriate risk treatment options12.
* Risk mitigation is the process by which the impact and/or probability of a risk is reduced by means of the application of controls. Risk mitigation involves selecting and implementing measures that are designed to prevent, reduce, transfer, or accept risks that could affect the organization's information security objectives or requirements12. Risk mitigation could include various types of controls, such as technical, organizational, legal, or physical12. Risk mitigation should be based on a cost-benefit analysis and a residual risk assessment12.
* Risk transfer is the process by which a risk is passed to a third party, for example through obtaining appropriate insurance. Risk transfer involves sharing or shifting some or all of the responsibility or liability for a risk to another party that has more capacity or capability to manage it12. Risk transfer could include various methods, such as contracts, agreements, partnerships, outsourcing, or insurance12. Risk transfer should not be used as a substitute for effective risk management within the organization12.
References :=
* ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Information technology - Security techniques - Information security management systems - Requirements
* ISO/IEC 27005:2022 Information technology - Security techniques - Information security risk management

NEW QUESTION # 93
What is the difference between a restricted and confidential document?

• A. Restricted - to be shared among named individuals
  Confidential - to be shared among an authorized group
• B. Restricted - to be shared among named individuals
  Confidential - to be shared across the organization only
• C. Restricted - to be shared among an authorized group
  Confidential - to be shared among named individuals
• D. Restricted - to be shared among named individuals
  Confidential - to be shared with friends and family

Answer: A

Explanation:
The difference between a restricted and confidential document is that a restricted document is to be shared among named individuals, while a confidential document is to be shared among an authorized group.
Restricted and confidential are examples of information classification levels that indicate the sensitivity and value of information and the degree of protection required for it. Restricted documents contain information that could cause serious damage or harm to the organization or its stakeholders if disclosed to unauthorized persons. Therefore, they should only be accessed by specific individuals who have a legitimate need to know and are authorized by the information owner. Confidential documents contain information that could cause damage or harm to the organization or its stakeholders if disclosed to unauthorized persons. Therefore, they should only be accessed by a defined group of people who have a legitimate need to know and are authorized by the information owner. ISO/IEC 27001:2022 requires the organization to classify information in terms of legal requirements, value, criticality and sensitivity to unauthorized disclosure or modification (see clause A.
8.2.1). References: CQI & IRCA Certified ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Lead Auditor Training Course, ISO/IEC
27001:2022 Information technology - Security techniques - Information security management systems - Requirements, What is Information Classification?

NEW QUESTION # 94
Which one of the following should be reviewed against the audit criteria to determine audit findings?

• A. The audit scope
• B. The audit evidence
• C. The audit conclusions
• D. The audit objectives

Answer: B

Explanation:
* Audit Findings: These are the results of evaluating collected audit evidence against the predetermined audit criteria.
* Audit Evidence: Objective, verifiable information gathered through interviews, observations, document reviews, etc., that supports the audit findings.
* Audit Criteria: The standards, policies, procedures, or requirements of the ISMS that are used as benchmarks for the audit.
The Process: Auditors compare collected audit evidence against the audit criteria to determine whether there is conformity or nonconformity, leading them to generate audit findings.
Reference:
* ISO/IEC 27001:2022, Section 9.2 (Internal Audit): Discusses the process of gathering audit evidence and documenting nonconformities (which form a basis for audit findings).

NEW QUESTION # 95
What is the purpose of an Information Security policy?

• A. An information security policy documents the analysis of risks and the search for countermeasures
• B. An information security policy provides insight into threats and the possible consequences
• C. An information security policy makes the security plan concrete by providing the necessary details
• D. An information security policy provides direction and support to the management regarding information security

Answer: D

Explanation:
Explanation
The purpose of an information security policy is to provide direction and support to the management regarding information security. An information security policy is a statement of intent or direction that provides guidance for decision making and actions within an organization. It defines the scope, objectives, principles, and roles for information security management. It also establishes the general approach to information security and the expectations for compliance. An information security policy is the foundation of an information security management system (ISMS) based on ISO/IEC 27001:2022, which requires the organization to establish, implement, maintain, and continually improve an ISMS1. Therefore, the correct answer is C: References: ISO/IEC 27000:2022, clause 3.47; ISO/IEC 27001:2022, clause 5.2.

NEW QUESTION # 96
Information or data that are classified as ______ do not require labeling.

• A. Confidential
• B. Internal
• C. Highly Confidential
• D. Public

Answer: D

Explanation:
Information or data that are classified as public do not require labeling. Public information or data are those that are intended for general disclosure and have no impact on the organization's operations or reputation if disclosed. Labeling is a method of implementing classification, which is a process of structuring information according to its sensitivity and value for the organization. Labeling helps to identify the level of protection and handling required for each type of information. Information or data that are classified as internal, confidential, or highly confidential require labeling, as they contain information that is not suitable for public disclosure and may cause harm or loss to the organization if disclosed. References: : CQI & IRCA ISO 27001:
2022 Lead Auditor Course Handbook, page 34. : CQI & IRCA ISO 27001:2022 Lead Auditor Course Handbook, page 37. : [ISO/IEC 27001 LEAD AUDITOR - PECB], page 14.

NEW QUESTION # 97
As the ISMS audit team leader, you are conducting a second-party audit of an international logistics company on behalf of an online retailer. During the audit, one of your team members reports a nonconformity relating to control 5.18 (Access rights) of Appendix A of ISO/IEC 27001:2022. She found evidence that removing the server access protocols of 20 people who left in the last 3 months took up to 1 week whereas the policy required removing access within 24 hours of their departure.
Complete the sentence with the best word(s), dick on the blank section you want to complete so that it is highlighted in red, and then click on the applicable text from the options below. Alternatively, you may drag and drop the option to the appropriate blank section.

Answer:

Explanation:

Explanation
The purpose of including access rights in an information management system to ISO/IEC 27001:2022 is to provide, review, modify and remove these permissions in accordance with the organisation's policy and rules for access control.
Access rights are the permissions granted to users or groups of users to access, use, modify, or delete information assets. Access rights should be aligned with the organisation's access control policy, which defines the objectives, principles, roles, and responsibilities for managing access to information systems.
Access rights should also follow the organisation's rules for access control, which specify the criteria, procedures, and controls for granting, reviewing, modifying, and revoking access rights. The purpose of including access rights in an information management system is to ensure that only authorised users can access information assets according to their business needs and roles, and to prevent unauthorised or inappropriate access that could compromise the confidentiality, integrity, or availability of information assets. References:
ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A Control 5.181
ISO/IEC 27002:2022 Control 5.182
CQI & IRCA Certified ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Lead Auditor (Information Security Management Systems) Training Course3

NEW QUESTION # 98
Why do we need to test a disaster recovery plan regularly, and keep it up to date?

• A. Otherwise the measures taken and the incident procedures planned may not be adequate
• B. Otherwise it is no longer up to date with the registration of daily occurring faults
• C. Otherwise remotely stored backups may no longer be available to the security team

Answer: A

Explanation:
Testing a disaster recovery plan regularly and keeping it up to date is essential to ensure that the measures taken and the incident procedures planned are adequate and effective in the event of a disaster6. A disaster recovery plan is a documented set of actions and arrangements to enable an organization to respond to a disaster affecting its information assets and resume its critical activities within a defined time frame7. However, a disaster recovery plan may become obsolete or ineffective due to changes in the organization's environment, operations, risks, or resources. Therefore, testing the plan periodically and updating it accordingly is necessary to verify its validity, feasibility, completeness, and accuracy6. Reference: ISO/IEC 27031:2011, clauses 7.4 and 8.3; ISO/IEC 27000:2022, clause 3.11.

NEW QUESTION # 99
You are an ISMS audit team leader tasked with conducting a follow-up audit at a client's data centre.
Following two days on-site you conclude that of the original 12 minor and 1 major nonconformities that prompted the follow-up audit, only 1 minor nonconformity still remains outstanding.
Select four options for the actions you could take.

• A. Recommend that the outstanding minor nonconformity is dealt with at the next surveillance audit
• B. Agree with the auditee/audit client how the remaining nonconformity will be cleared, by when, and how its clearance will be verified
• C. Book another follow-up audit on-site to review the one outstanding minor nonconformity once it has been cleared
• D. Advise the auditee that you will arrange an online audit to deal with the outstanding nonconformity
• E. Recommend suspension of the organisation's certification as they have failed to implement the agreed corrections and corrective actions within the agreed timescale
• F. Advise the individual managing the audit programme of any decision taken regarding the outstanding nonconformity
• G. Close the follow-up audit as the organisation has demonstrated it is committed to clearing the nonconformities raised
• H. Note the progress made but hold the audit open until all corrective action has been cleared

Answer: A,B,F,G

Explanation:
According to ISO 19011:2018, which provides guidelines for auditing management systems, clause 6.7 requires the audit team leader to conduct a follow-up audit to verify the implementation and effectiveness of the corrective actions taken by the auditee in response to the nonconformities identified during a previous audit1. The follow-up audit should be conducted in accordance with the same principles and processes as the initial audit, and should result in a conclusion on the status of the nonconformities and any remaining issues1.
Therefore, when conducting a follow-up audit, an ISMS auditor should consider the following actions:
Recommend that the outstanding minor nonconformity is dealt with at the next surveillance audit: This action is appropriate because it reflects the fact that the auditee has cleared most of the nonconformities, including the major one, and only one minor nonconformity remains outstanding. A minor nonconformity is defined as a failure to achieve one or more requirements of ISO/IEC 27001:2022 or a situation which raises significant doubt about the ability of an ISMS process to achieve its intended output, but does not affect its overall effectiveness or conformity2. Therefore, this finding does not prevent or preclude the continuation of certification, as long as it is addressed by appropriate corrective actions within a reasonable time frame. The auditor should recommend that the outstanding minor nonconformity is dealt with at the next surveillance audit, which is a regular audit conducted by the certification body to confirm the ongoing conformity and effectiveness of an ISMS3.
Agree with the auditee/audit client how the remaining nonconformity will be cleared, by when, and how its clearance will be verified: This action is appropriate because it reflects the fact that the auditee has demonstrated commitment and capability to implement corrective actions for the nonconformities identified during the previous audit. The auditor should agree with the auditee/audit client on a realistic, achievable, and effective corrective action plan for the remaining nonconformity, including a clear deadline and verification method. The auditor should also document this agreement in the follow-up audit report1.
Advise the individual managing the audit programme of any decision taken regarding the outstanding nonconformity: This action is appropriate because it reflects the fact that the auditor has followed a systematic and consistent approach to conducting and reporting the follow-up audit. The auditor should advise the individual managing the audit programme of any decision taken regarding the outstanding nonconformity, such as recommending its closure at the next surveillance audit or agreeing on a corrective action plan with the auditee/audit client. The auditor should also provide sufficient information and evidence to support their decision1.
Close the follow-up audit as the organisation has demonstrated it is committed to clearing the nonconformities raised: This action is appropriate because it reflects the fact that the organisation has achieved satisfactory results in the follow-up audit. The auditor should close the follow-up audit as the organisation has demonstrated it is committed to clearing the nonconformities raised by implementing effective corrective actions for most of them and agreeing on a plan for the remaining one. The auditor should also communicate the follow-up audit conclusion to the auditee/audit client and other relevant parties1.

NEW QUESTION # 100
Which three of the following options are an advantage of using a sampling plan for the audit?

• A. Implements the audit plan efficiently
• B. Misses key issues
• C. Overrules the auditor's instincts
• D. Use of the plan for consecutive audits
• E. Provides a suitable understanding of the ISMS
• F. Gives confidence in the audit results

Answer: A,E,F

Explanation:
According to ISO 19011:2018, which provides guidelines for auditing management systems, a sampling plan is a method for selecting a representative subset of the audit evidence from a defined population1. A sampling plan can have several advantages for the audit, such as providing a suitable understanding of the ISMS by covering its key processes, activities, and controls; implementing the audit plan efficiently by optimizing the use of time and resources; and giving confidence in the audit results by ensuring that the sample is sufficient, reliable, and unbiased1. Therefore, these three options are examples of advantages of using a sampling plan for the audit. The other options are not advantages, but rather disadvantages or risks of using a sampling plan. For example, overruling the auditor's instincts may lead to missing important evidence or issues that are not covered by the sampling plan; using the same plan for consecutive audits may reduce the effectiveness and validity of the audit results; and missing key issues may result from an inadequate or inappropriate sampling plan1. Reference: ISO 19011:2018 - Guidelines for auditing management systems

NEW QUESTION # 101
You are performing an ISMS audit at a residential nursing home (ABC) that provides healthcare services. The next step in your audit plan is to verify the information security of ABC's healthcare mobile app development, support, and lifecycle process. During the audit, you learned the organization outsourced the mobile app development to a professional software development company with CMMI Level 5, ITSM (ISO/IEC 20000-1), BCMS (ISO
22301) and
ISMS (ISO/IEC 27001) certified.
The IT Manager presented the software security management procedure and summarised the process as following:
The mobile app development shall adopt "security-by-design" and "security-by-default" principles, as a minimum.
The following security functions for personal data protection shall be available:
Access control.
Personal data encryption, i.e., Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm, key lengths: 256 bits; and Personal data pseudonymization.
Vulnerability checked and no security backdoor
You sample the latest Mobile App Test report, details as follows:

The IT Manager explains the test results should be approved by him according to the software security management procedure. The reason why the encryption and pseudonymisation functions failed is that these functions heavily slowed down the system and service performance. An extra 150% of resources are needed to cover this. The Service Manager agreed that access control is good enough and acceptable. That's why the Service Manager signed the approval.
You are preparing the audit findings. Select the correct option.

• A. There is NO nonconformity (NC). The Service Manager makes a good decision to continue the service.
  (Relevant to clause 8.1, control A.8.30)
• B. There is a nonconformity (NC). The organisation and developer do not perform acceptance tests.
  (Relevant to clause 8.1, control A.8.29)
• C. There is a nonconformity (NC). The Service Manager does not comply with the software security management procedure. (Relevant to clause 8.1, control A.8.30)
• D. There is a nonconformity (NC). The organisation and developer perform security tests that fail.
  (Relevant to clause 8.1, control A.8.29)

Answer: C

NEW QUESTION # 102
The purpose of a management system audit is to? Select 1

• A. Manage the performance of an organisation's management system
• B. Improve the performance of an organisation's management system
• C. Evaluate the performance of an organisation's management system
• D. Research the performance of an organisation's management system

Answer: C

Explanation:
A management system audit is a systematic, independent and documented process for obtaining objective evidence and evaluating it objectively to determine the extent to which the audit criteria are fulfilled. The audit criteria are a set of requirements that may include policies, procedures, standards, regulations, etc. The purpose of a management system audit is to evaluate the performance of an organisation's management system in terms of its effectiveness, efficiency, compliance, and improvement. A management system audit can also identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and risks of the management system and provide recommendations for improvement.

NEW QUESTION # 103
Please match the roles to the following descriptions:

Answer:

Explanation:

To complete the table click on the blank section you want to complete so that it is highlighted in red, and then click on the applicable test from the options below. Alternatively, you may drag and drop each option to the appropriate blank section.
Reference:
[ISO 19011:2022 Guidelines for auditing management systems]
[ISO/IEC 17021-1:2022 Conformity assessment - Requirements for bodies providing audit and certification of management systems - Part 1: Requirements]

NEW QUESTION # 104
Scenario 4: SendPay is a financial company that provides its services through a network of agents and financial institutions. One of their main services is transferring money worldwide. SendPay, as a new company, seeks to offer top quality services to its clients. Since the company offers international transactions, it requires from their clients to provide personal information, such as their identity, the reason for the transactions, and other details that might be needed to complete the transaction. Therefore, SendPay has implemented security measures to protect their clients' information, including detecting, investigating, and responding to any information security threats that may emerge. Their commitment to offering secure services was also reflected during the ISMS implementation where the company invested a lot of time and resources.
Last year, SendPay unveiled their digital platform that allows money transactions through electronic devices, such as smartphones or laptops, without requiring an additional fee. Through this platform, SendPay's clients can send and receive money from anywhere and at any time. The digital platform helped SendPay to simplify the company's operations and further expand its business. At the time, SendPay was outsourcing its software operations, hence the project was completed by the software development team of the outsourced company. The same team was also responsible for maintaining the technology infrastructure of SendPay.
Recently, the company applied for ISO/IEC 27001 certification after having an ISMS in place for almost a year. They contracted a certification body that fit their criteri a. Soon after, the certification body appointed a team of four auditors to audit SendPay's ISMS.
During the audit, among others, the following situations were observed:
1. The outsourced software company had terminated the contract with SendPay without prior notice. As a result, SendPay was unable to immediately bring the services back in-house and its operations were disrupted for five days. The auditors requested from SendPay's representatives to provide evidence that they have a plan to follow in cases of contract terminations. The representatives did not provide any documentary evidence but during an interview, they told the auditors that the top management of SendPay had identified two other software development companies that could provide services immediately if similar situations happen again.
2. There was no evidence available regarding the monitoring of the activities that were outsourced to the software development company. Once again, the representatives of SendPay told the auditors that they regularly communicate with the software development company and that they are appropriately informed for any possible change that might occur.
3. There was no nonconformity found during the firewall testing. The auditors tested the firewall configuration in order to determine the level of security provided by these services. They used a packet analyzer to test the firewall policies which enabled them to check the packets sent or received in real-time.
Based on this scenario, answer the following question:
Why could SendPay not restore their services back in-house after the contract termination? Refer to scenario 4.

• A. Because SendPay lacked a comprehensive business continuity plan with potential impact of contract terminations
• B. Because SendPay did not monitor the technology infrastructure of the outsourced software operations
• C. Because the outsourced software company terminated the contract with SendPay without prior notice

Answer: A

Explanation:
SendPay's inability to restore their services immediately after the contract termination indicates a lack of a comprehensive business continuity plan that addresses the potential impacts of such terminations. This oversight can result in significant operational disruptions, as observed.

NEW QUESTION # 105
What is the worst possible action that an employee may receive for sharing his or her password or access with others?

• A. Three days suspension from work
• B. Termination
• C. The lowest rating on his or her performance assessment
• D. Forced roll off from the project

Answer: B

Explanation:
Explanation
The worst possible action that an employee may receive for sharing his or her password or access with others is termination, because this is a serious breach of the organization's information security policy and access control policy. Sharing password or access with others may allow unauthorized users to access sensitive or confidential information, or to perform malicious or fraudulent activities on behalf of the employee. The employee should keep his or her password or access confidential and secure, and should not disclose it to anyone under any circumstances. References: [CQI & IRCA Certified ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Lead Auditor Training Course], [ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Information technology - Security techniques - Information security management systems - Requirements], Example of an information security policy, Example of an access control policy

NEW QUESTION # 106
You are performing an ISMS initial certification audit at a residential nursing home that provides healthcare services. The next step in your audit plan is to conduct the closing meeting. During the final audit team meeting, as an audit team leader, you agree to report 2 minor nonconformities and 1 opportunity for improvement as below:

Select one option of the recommendation to the audit programme manager you are going to advise to the auditee at the closing meeting.

• A. Recommend that a partial audit is required within 3 months
• B. Recommend that a full scope re-audit is required within 6 months
• C. Recommend certification after your approval of the proposed corrective action plan
• D. Recommend that the findings can be closed out at a surveillance audit in 1 year

Answer: A

Explanation:
*Minor Nonconformities: The identified nonconformities are minor, meaning they don't pose a significant risk to the information security management system (ISMS). They are likely to be easily rectified with focused corrective actions.
*Opportunity for Improvement: This is not a nonconformity but a suggestion for enhancing the ISMS. It doesn't require immediate corrective action but should be addressed in the organization's continual improvement efforts.
*Initial Certification: As this is an initial certification audit, the organization is expected to demonstrate its commitment to addressing any gaps identified. A partial audit allows for a focused follow-up on the specific areas of nonconformity, ensuring they have been adequately addressed.
Why other options are not suitable:
*A. Recommend certification after your approval of the proposed corrective action plan: While certification is the goal, it's premature to recommend it before verifying the effectiveness of the corrective actions.
*B. Recommend that a full scope re-audit is required within 6 months: This is too extensive for minor nonconformities. A full re-audit is usually reserved for major nonconformities or systemic issues.
*D. Recommend that the findings can be closed out at a surveillance audit in 1 year: This is too long a timeframe for addressing the nonconformities. Prompt corrective action is necessary to demonstrate commitment to the ISMS.
In summary, recommending a partial audit within 3 months strikes the right balance between allowing the organization time to implement corrective actions and ensuring timely verification of their effectiveness. This approach aligns with the principles of ISO 27001 and supports the organization's journey towards certification.

NEW QUESTION # 107
You are an audit team leader who has just completed a third-party audit of a mobile telecommunication provider. You are preparing your audit report and are just about to complete a section headed 'confidentiality'.
An auditor in training on your team asks you if there are any circumstances under which the confidential report can be released to third parties.
Which four of the following responses are false?

• A. If the third party has gained a legal notice for us to disclose the report then we must do so. In all such cases we would advise the audit client and, as appropriate, the auditee
• B. Any auditor employed by the auditing organisation can access the audit report
• C. The starting position is always that third parties have no automatic right to access an audit report
• D. Although we advise the client the report is confidential we can decide to release it to third parties if we feel this is justified. We would always tell the client afterwards
• E. The report can be released to third parties but only with the explicit, prior approval of the audit client
• F. Our duty of confidentiality is not something that lasts forever. As a certification body, we can decide how long we wish to keep reports confidential. After this, they can be accessed by third parties making a subject access request
• G. Subcontracted auditors are considered to be third parties regarding confidentiality and are therefore typically bound by confidentiality agreements
• H. There are no circumstances under which the report can be released to a third party. Confidential means confidential and releasing the document would be a breach of trust

Answer: B,D,F,G

Explanation:
Explanation
The audit report is a confidential document that contains sensitive information about the auditee's ISMS and its performance. The audit team has a duty to protect the confidentiality of the audit report and only disclose it to authorized parties, such as the audit client, the certification body, and the accreditation body. Therefore, the following responses are false:
* A: The audit team cannot decide to release the report to third parties without the consent of the audit client, as this would breach the confidentiality agreement and the audit code of conduct. The audit team should always inform the audit client before disclosing the report to any third party, and obtain their explicit, prior approval.
* F: Not every auditor employed by the auditing organization can access the audit report, as this would violate the principle of need-to-know. Only auditors who are involved in the audit process, such as the audit team leader, the audit team members, the audit programme manager, and the certification decision maker, can access the audit report. Other auditors who are not related to the audit have no legitimate reason to access the report, and should be prevented from doing so by appropriate security measures.
* G: The duty of confidentiality does not expire after a certain period of time, as this would compromise the trust and integrity of the audit process. The audit report remains confidential indefinitely, unless
* there is a legal or contractual obligation to disclose it, or the audit client agrees to release it. Third parties cannot access the audit report by making a subject access request, as this would infringe the privacy and data protection rights of the audit client and the auditee.
* H: Subcontracted auditors are not considered to be third parties regarding confidentiality, as they are part of the audit team and have a contractual relationship with the auditing organization. Subcontracted auditors are typically bound by the same confidentiality agreement and audit code of conduct as the employed auditors, and have the same rights and responsibilities to access and protect the audit report.
References: =
* ISO/IEC 27001:2022, clause 9.2, Internal audit
* ISO/IEC 27006:2015, clause 7.2.3, Confidentiality
* PECB Candidate Handbook ISO 27001 Lead Auditor, page 22, Audit Report
* PECB Candidate Handbook ISO 27001 Lead Auditor, page 24, Audit Code of Conduct

NEW QUESTION # 108
Select the correct sequence for the information security risk assessment process in an ISMS.
To complete the sequence click on the blank section you want to complete so that it is highlighted in red, and then click on the applicable text from the options below. Alternatively, you may drag and drop the options to the appropriate blank

Answer:

Explanation:

Explanation:

According to ISO 27001:2022, the standard for information security management systems (ISMS), the correct sequence for the information security risk assessment process is as follows:
* Establish information security criteria
* Identify the information security risks
* Analyse the information security risks
* Evaluate the information security risks
The first step is to establish the information security criteria, which include the risk assessment methodology, the risk acceptance criteria, and the risk evaluation criteria. These criteria define how the organization will perform the risk assessment, what level of risk is acceptable, and how the risks will be compared and prioritized.
The second step is to identify the information security risks, which involve identifying the assets, threats, vulnerabilities, and existing controls that are relevant to the ISMS. The organization should also identify the potential consequences and likelihood of each risk scenario.
The third step is to analyse the information security risks, which involve estimating the level of risk for each risk scenario based on the criteria established in the first step. The organization should also consider the sources of uncertainty and the confidence level of the risk estimation.
The fourth step is to evaluate the information security risks, which involve comparing the estimated risk levels with the risk acceptance criteria and determining whether the risks are acceptable or need treatment.
The organization should also prioritize the risks based on the risk evaluation criteria and the objectives of the ISMS.
References: ISO 27001:2022 Clause 6.1.2 Information security risk assessment, ISO 27001 Risk Assessment
& Risk Treatment: The Complete Guide - Advisera, ISO 27001 Risk Assessment: 7 Step Guide - IT Governance UK Blog

NEW QUESTION # 109
Which of the following is an information security management system standard published by the International Organization for Standardization?

• A. ISO27001
• B. ISO9008
• C. ISO5501
• D. ISO22301

Answer: A

Explanation:
ISO/IEC 27001:2022 is an information security management system standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). It specifies the requirements for establishing, implementing, maintaining and continually improving an information security management system within the context of the organization. It also includes requirements for the assessment and treatment of information security risks tailored to the needs of the organization. The standard is intended to be applicable to all organizations, regardless of type, size or nature. ISO/IEC 27001:2022 is part of the ISO/IEC 27000 family of standards, which provide a comprehensive framework for information security management. Reference: [CQI & IRCA Certified ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Lead Auditor Training Course], ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Information technology - Security techniques - Information security management systems - Requirements, ISO/IEC 27000 family - Information security management systems

NEW QUESTION # 110
Scenario 8: EsBank provides banking and financial solutions to the Estonian banking sector since September
2010. The company has a network of 30 branches with over 100 ATMs across the country.
Operating in a highly regulated industry, EsBank must comply with many laws and regulations regarding the security and privacy of data. They need to manage information security across their operations by implementing technical and nontechnical controls. EsBank decided to implement an ISMS based on ISO/IEC
27001 because it provided better security, more risk control, and compliance with key requirements of laws and regulations.
Nine months after the successful implementation of the ISMS, EsBank decided to pursue certification of their ISMS by an independent certification body against ISO/IEC 27001 .The certification audit included all of EsBank's systems, processes, and technologies.
The stage 1 and stage 2 audits were conducted jointly and several nonconformities were detected. The first nonconformity was related to EsBank's labeling of information. The company had an information classification scheme but there was no information labeling procedure. As a result, documents requiring the same level of protection would be labeled differently (sometimes as confidential, other times sensitive).
Considering that all the documents were also stored electronically, the nonconformity also impacted media handling. The audit team used sampling and concluded that 50 of 200 removable media stored sensitive information mistakenly classified as confidential. According to the information classification scheme, confidential information is allowed to be stored in removable media, whereas storing sensitive information is strictly prohibited. This marked the other nonconformity.
They drafted the nonconformity report and discussed the audit conclusions with EsBank's representatives, who agreed to submit an action plan for the detected nonconformities within two months.
EsBank accepted the audit team leader's proposed solution. They resolved the nonconformities by drafting a procedure for information labeling based on the classification scheme for both physical and electronic formats. The removable media procedure was also updated based on this procedure.
Two weeks after the audit completion, EsBank submitted a general action plan. There, they addressed the detected nonconformities and the corrective actions taken, but did not include any details on systems, controls, or operations impacted. The audit team evaluated the action plan and concluded that it would resolve the nonconformities. Yet, EsBank received an unfavorable recommendation for certification.
Based on the scenario above, answer the following question:
According to scenario 8, the audit team evaluated the action plan and concluded that it would resolve the detected nonconformities. Is this acceptable?

• A. Yes, only if EsBank has previously verified the effectiveness of the action plan and informed the audit team that the action plan allows the correction of nonconformities
• B. Yes. the audit team must evaluate the action plan and verify if it is appropriate for correcting the detected nonconformities
• C. No, the auditee should verify if the action plan allows the correction of nonconformities and elimination of the root causes

Answer: B

Explanation:
Yes, the audit team must evaluate the action plan and verify if it is appropriate for correcting the detected nonconformities. This is part of the auditor's responsibilities to ensure that the proposed actions adequately address the issues identified during the audit.

NEW QUESTION # 111
Which situation presented below represents a threat?

• A. HackX uses and distributes pirated software
• B. Hackers compromised the administrator's account by cracking the password
• C. The information security training was provided to only the IT team members of the organization

Answer: B

Explanation:
A threat in information security is any circumstance or event with the potential to cause harm to an information system through unauthorized access, destruction, disclosure, modification of data, and/or denial of service. The situation where hackers compromise an administrator's account by cracking the password represents a direct threat to the security of the information system. References: = This explanation is based on general information security principles and the typical content covered in ISMS ISO/IEC 27001 Lead Auditor training and certification programs. It aligns with the knowledge expected of a professional with an ISO/IEC
27001 Lead Auditor certification

NEW QUESTION # 112
You are performing an ISMS audit at a residential nursing home called ABC that provides healthcare services.
You find all nursing home residents wear an electronic wristband for monitoring their location, heartbeat, and blood pressure always. You learned that he electronic wristband automatically uploads all data to the artificial intelligence (AI) cloud server for healthcare monitoring and analysis by healthcare staff.
To verify the scope of ISMS, you interview the management system representative (MSR) who explains that the ISMS scope covers an outsourced data center.
Select four options for the clauses and/or controls of ISO/IEC 27001:2022 that are directly relevant to the verification of the scope of the ISMS.

• A. Clause 4.1 Understanding the organization and its context
• B. Control 6.3 Information security awareness, education, and training
• C. Clause 4.2 Understanding the needs and expectations of interested parties
• D. Control 5.3 Legal, statutory, regulatory and contractual requirements
• E. Control 5.3 Organizational roles, responsibilites and authorities
• F. Control 7.6 Working in secure areas
• G. Clause 4.3 Determining the scope of the information security management system
• H. Clause 5.2 Policy

Answer: A,C,G,H

Explanation:
* B. This clause requires the organisation to determine the interested parties that are relevant to the ISMS, and the requirements of these interested parties12. This clause is relevant to the verification of the scope of the ISMS because it helps the organisation to identify the stakeholders that have an influence or an interest in the information security of the organisation, such as customers, suppliers, regulators, employees, etc. The organisation should also consider the needs and expectations of these interested parties when defining the scope of the ISMS, and ensure that they are met and communicated.
* E. This clause requires the organisation to establish an information security policy that provides the framework for setting the information security objectives and guiding the information security activities13. This clause is relevant to the verification of the scope of the ISMS because it helps the organisation to define the direction and principles of the ISMS, and to align them with the strategic
* goals and context of the organisation. The information security policy should also be consistent with the scope of the ISMS, and should be communicated and understood within the organisation and by relevant interested parties.
* F. This clause requires the organisation to determine the internal and external issues that are relevant to the purpose and the context of the organisation, and that affect its ability to achieve the intended outcomes of the ISMS14. This clause is relevant to the verification of the scope of the ISMS because it helps the organisation to understand the factors and conditions that influence the information security of the organisation, such as the legal, technological, social, economic, environmental, etc. The organisation should also monitor and review these issues, and consider them when defining the scope of the ISMS.
* H. This clause requires the organisation to determine the boundaries and applicability of the ISMS to establish its scope15. This clause is relevant to the verification of the scope of the ISMS because it helps the organisation to describe the information and processes that are included in the ISMS, and to document the scope in a clear and concise manner. The organisation should also consider the issues, requirements, and interfaces identified in clauses 4.1, 4.2, and 4.3 when determining the scope of the ISMS, and ensure that the scope is appropriate to the nature and scale of the organisation.
References:
1: PECB Candidate Handbook - ISO 27001 Lead Auditor, page 17 2: ISO/IEC 27001:2022 - Information technology - Security techniques - Information security management systems - Requirements, clause
4.2 3: ISO/IEC 27001:2022 - Information technology - Security techniques - Information security management systems - Requirements, clause 5.2 4: ISO/IEC 27001:2022 - Information technology - Security techniques - Information security management systems - Requirements, clause 4.1 5: ISO/IEC
27001:2022 - Information technology - Security techniques - Information security management systems - Requirements, clause 4.3

NEW QUESTION # 113
Which six of the following actions are the individual(s) managing the audit programme responsible for?

• A. Communicating with the auditee during the audit
• B. Selecting the audit team
• C. Defining the plan of an individual audit
• D. Defining the objectives, scope and criteria for an individual audit
• E. Retaining documented information of the audit results
• F. Establishing the extent of the audit programme
• G. Establishing the audit programme
• H. Determining the resources necessary for the audit programme

Answer: B,C,D,E,F,G

Explanation:
Explanation
According to ISO 19011:2018, which provides guidelines for auditing management systems, an audit programme is a set of one or more audits planned for a specific time frame and directed towards a specific purpose1. The individual(s) managing the audit programme are responsible for establishing, implementing and maintaining the audit programme in accordance with the organization's policies and objectives1. This includes defining the extent of the audit programme based on strategic direction, risks and opportunities; establishing the audit programme by defining its objectives, scope and criteria; determining the resources necessary for the audit programme; selecting competent auditors and assigning them to appropriate audits; defining the objectives, scope and criteria for each individual audit; defining the plan of each individual audit; retaining documented information of the audit results; reviewing and improving the performance of the audit programme1. Therefore, these six actions are part of the responsibilities of the individual(s) managing the audit programme. The other option, communicating with the auditee during the audit, is not a responsibility of the individual(s) managing the audit programme, but rather a responsibility of the audit team leader1. References: ISO 19011:2018 - Guidelines for auditing management systems

NEW QUESTION # 114
In the context of a third-party certification audit, it is very important to have effective communication. Select an option that contains the correct answer about communication in an audit context.

• A. There is no need to establish a formal communication arrangement because an auditee can communicate with the auditor at any time during the audit
• B. During the audit, each auditor should periodically communicate any concerns to the auditee and audit client
• C. During the audit, the responibility for communication rests with the audit team leader
• D. The formal communication channels between the audit team and the auditee can be established during the opening meeting

Answer: D

Explanation:
In the context of a third-party certification audit, it is very important to have effective communication between the audit team and the auditee. The formal communication channels, such as the names and contact details of the audit team members, the auditee representatives, the audit client and any other relevant parties, can be established during the opening meeting. This helps to ensure that the audit objectives, scope, criteria, methods, schedule and any other arrangements are clearly understood and agreed by all parties. It also facilitates the exchange of information, feedback, requests, concerns and complaints during the audit process. References: = ISO 19011:2022, clause 6.4.2; PECB Candidate Handbook ISO 27001 Lead Auditor, page 25.

NEW QUESTION # 115
You have a hard copy of a customer design document that you want to dispose off. What would you do

• A. Give it to the office boy to reuse it for other purposes
• B. Be environment friendly and reuse it for writing
• C. Throw it in any dustbin
• D. Shred it using a shredder

Answer: D

Explanation:
The best way to dispose of a hard copy of a customer design document is to shred it using a shredder. This is because shredding ensures that the document is destroyed and cannot be reconstructed or accessed by unauthorized persons. A customer design document may contain sensitive or confidential information that could cause harm or damage to the customer or the organization if disclosed. Therefore, it is important to protect the confidentiality and integrity of the document until it is securely disposed of. Throwing it in any dustbin, giving it to the office boy to reuse it for other purposes, or reusing it for writing are not secure ways of disposing of the document, as they could expose the document to unauthorized access, theft, loss or damage. ISO/IEC 27001:2022 requires the organization to implement procedures for the secure disposal of media containing information (see clause A.8.3.2). References: CQI & IRCA Certified ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Lead Auditor Training Course, ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Information technology - Security techniques - Information security management systems - Requirements, What is Secure Disposal?

NEW QUESTION # 116
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